The ratio is a measure used by the company to mengenalisis financial statements. The ratio describes the relationship between the amount or consideration of certain other amounts. By using analytical tools such as financial ratios can explain and give an overview to the analyzer is about good or bad things are or the financial position of an enterprise of a period eke next period.
Financial ratio analysis is an analysis that links the estimated balance sheet and income statement for each other, which gives an overview of the history of the company as well as an assessment of the circumstances of a particular company. Financial ratio analysis enables fund managers predict the reaction of potential investors and creditors and can be taken to obtain additional funding. (Zaki Baridwan, 1997: 17)
A ratio has no meaning in itself, but should be compared with other ratios that ratio becomes more perfect and to do this analysis can be a way of comparing the performance of a period in prior periods that are known tendency immersion period, but it can also be done by comparison with similar companies in the industry so that it can be seen how the financial industry.
In undertaking the interpretation and analysis of financial statements of a company, the analyzer requires a certain measure or yardstick. Size is often used in the financial analysis is a ratio. Understanding the actual ratio is just a tool which is expressed in the "aritmatical terms" that can be used to describe the relationship between the two types of financial data. Ratio that stuff a lot, because it can be made according to the needs of the analyzer.
According to Bambang Riyanto (1992: 329), financial ratio analysis is the process of determining the critical operating and financial characteristics of sebuahperusahaan of accounting data and financial statements. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the efficiency of the performance of the company's managers are realized in the financial records and financial statements.
In financial ratio analysis can basically do it with two kinds of comparisons, namely:
• Comparing the current ratio (ratio present) with the ratios of the time that has past (historical ratio) or the ratios are estimated to time that will come from the same company.
• Comparing the ratios of a company with similar ratios of other similar companies.
Thus, the benefits of a fully tegantung the ratio to the ability / intelligence analysts to interpret the data pertinent data.
Keuanggulan And Limitations of Financial Ratio Analysis
Ratio analysis has compared keuanggulan other analysis techniques. Keuanggulan such as described by Sofyan Syafii Harahap (1998: 298), among others:
1. The ratio is an overview of the numbers and statistics that are easier to read and interpret.
2. A substitute for the more modest of the information presented financial reports are very detailed and complicated.
3. Knowing the position of other companies in the industry
4. Very useful for filling material in decision-making models and model predictions.
5. Menstandarisir company size
6. It is easier to compare perusahaandengan another company or companies see the development of periodic or time series.
7. It's easier to see trends and make predictions on the company's future to come.
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