history of the company's accounting

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

History of Accounting

Accounting history started since humans know ¬ count money and use notes. In the XIV century the calculation of profit and loss have been done Genoa merchants by calculating the treasure that is the end of a cruise and compared to the time they depart
Milestone accounting began in 1494 when Lucas Paciolo {Luke from Burgos) published a science book called "Suma de Arilhmalica, Proportioni et Proportionaiita". In the book there is a chapter, entitled "Tractatus de Computis et Scriptorio". which contains some bookkeeping on record pairs (double book keepingf).

Accounting history through the ages

At the end of the XV century, in line with the decline of the Roman influence, per ¬ trade center shifted to Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch. As a result, the accounting system was developed Romans also moved and used in those countries. Since the calculation of income began to be made on an annual basis which then led to the development routinely preparing the balance sheet at the end of a specified period.
In the nineteenth century the industrial revolution in Europe encouraged the development cost and the concept of depreciation accounting. In 1930, New York Slock Exchange and the Ameri ¬ can Institute of Certified Public Accountants to discuss and establish accounting principles for companies whose shares are listed on the stock exchange.

Accounting began to be implemented in Indonesia since 1642. However, there is a clear bukii on bookkeeping Amphioen Societeit standing in Jakarta since 1747. Further developing accounting in Indonesia after the Cultivation Law was abolished in 1870. This resulted in the emergence of Dutch private entrepreneurs who invest in Indonesia, they apply the accounting system as taught by Lucas Paciólo. Then in 1907, in Indonesia introduced examination system (auditing) to establish and control the books.

Not a lot of change in accounting systems in Indonesia during the Japanese occupation * After independence, the government of Indonesia has the opportunity to send their children abroad to study accounting. While accounting education in the country fiada initiated in 1952 by the mem ¬ University of Indonesia majoring in Accounting at the Faculty of open economy. This step is followed by other universities. In 1954 came out Law. 34 that regulates the degree of Accountants.
A professional organization that brings together accountants in Indonesia stood at December 23, 1957 and named Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI). This organization founded Public Accountants section 1978 and section 1986 Accounting Educator.

Foreign Investment Law was issued in 1967 and followed the law Investor ¬ Domestic Capital in 1968. Furthermore, they stimulate the establishment of new companies, exacerbating better investment climate in Indonesia. As a consequence, accounting in Indonesia experienced a rapid developmental ¬ ment.

During this happens dualism accounting practices in Indonesia. On the one hand, many Dutch companies implementing accounting systems. On the other hand * American accounting systems are increasingly being used due to the shift in the direction of accounting education to the American system and bring more companies into the American system of Indonesia.
Dualism is also influential in the world of education, especially at the secondary education level. However, in the Workshop on "Accounting Education in Indonesia" organized by the Centre for Development of Accounting Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia, the education system has reached a deal ¬ Tansi account for secondary education and higher education are using the American system.

That is the history of accounting, may be useful.

Qualifications and regulations in the field of accounting

Qualifications and regulations in the field of accounting '
Accounting and issues

Accounting is the measurement, translation, or provision of assurance about information that will assist managers, investors, tax authorities and other decision makers to make resource allocation decisions within companies, organizations, and government agencies. Accounting is the art of measuring, communicating and interpreting financial activity. Broadly, accounting is also known as the "language of business". [1] Accounting aims to prepare accurate financial statements that can be used by managers, policy makers, and other interested parties, such as shareholders, creditors, or owners. Daily recording involved in this process is known as bookkeeping. Financial accounting is one branch of accounting where the financial information of a business is recorded, classified, summarized, interpreted, and communicated. Auditing, a related discipline but remain separate from accounting, is a process by which an independent inspector inspect the financial statements of an organization to provide an opinion or opinions - a reasonable but not fully guaranteed - about the fairness and compliance with General Accepted Accounting Principles Thanking ( GAAP).

Practitioners of accountancy are known as accountants. Officially certified accountants have a certain degree different in each country. An example is a Chartered Accountant (FCA, CA or ACA), Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA), Management Accountant (ACMA, FCMA or AICWA), Certified Public Accountant (CPA), and Certified General Accountant (CGA). In Indonesia, a certified public accountant CPA called Indonesia (formerly: BAP or Certified Public Accountant).

I. Modern Accounting

The heart of modern financial accounting for entry system. This system involves making at least two entries for every transaction: a debit in one account and one credit linked to another account. The total debits must always equal the total credits. This method will facilitate the examination if something goes wrong. This method first known use in medieval Europe, though some are found in this way has been used since ancient Greece.

Critics say that the standard accounting practice has not changed much from the first. Accounting reforms in various forms always occur in every generation to maintain the relevance of accounting to capital assets or production capacity. However, this does not change the basic principles of accounting, which is expected to not rely on such economic influence.