Corporate Accounting Commerce

Corporate Accounting Commerce

Favorable selling price components:
• Cost of goods sold
• Cost of operations (such as: rent, salaries, insurance costs, etc.)
• Net income for the company wants

Components of Cost of Goods Sold:
• Early Supplies
• The cost of purchasing
• Cost of goods available for sale
• Ending inventory

The accounts in trading companies
• Sales
• Sales returns and allowances
• Pieces of cash sales
• Purchase
• purchase returns and allowances
• Pieces of cash purchases
• Cost of purchasing transportation
• Stock merchandise

Accounting History antiquity

Accounting History antiquity
From the hands of Middle Eastern traders, the intellectual heritage of the ancestors of accounting knowledge was developed by the European nations, especially Italy. Since 1495, science became popular accounting is used for mathematical logic is easy to understand and useful in managing finances.
Italian scholars who were interested in this science then create new theories and traders write record books in pairs in the management of their trade. One of the oldest books in pairs records found in Genoa. The book shows the dates in the year 1340.
Then came the Luca Pacioli (1445 - 1517) who contributed to the development of financial records in Italy. He was a priest from the order of Francis. In 1494, he wrote a book titled "Summa de Arithmetica Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita".
In the book there is a chapter titled "de Computis et Uris' who presented information and theories regarding bookkeeping records pairs. In that chapter, he explains, "In order to provide information to traders about the state of property and debt, debit and credit record system (adebeo and credito) were used.
All recording incoming cash outflow to be paired (debit and credit). That is, if you recorded your creditors, debtors should record also in the side. "
Luca Pacioli also theorized about the use of three types of books in the books, which is a journal, a memorandum, as well as a great book. He also sparked the closure of earnings and book any one period. Calculations based on this period is the idea after seeing that it was the age of business corporations is never long.
Pacioli advises business owners to close the book and make a profit every year for the recording of the immaculate and the relationship between the company and partner more closely considering the financial records are transparent and well-managed. Books theories and principles of accounting and financial management Pacioli's work was later published in English in London in 1543.
Pacioli addition, there are other names in the history of the development of accounting. One of them is John Mellis. He wrote a book in 1588 about the development of practical accounting principles. He claimed to be the innovator and developer of Luca Pacioli theories.

General description of the Company Accounting

General description of the Company Accounting

Company Accounting - you still remember the effort you jumble sale? Actually you run a business that can be regarded as a company, it's just still on a small scale. What is in your mind about the company? Probably you would say such a large plant, and only those who have a big capital can set up the factory, and the factory is very complicated from licensing to the factory. Of course what you Think it makes you reluctant to know more about the company.

Manufacturing or Manufacturing

Actually, if we simply look at the company or plant, so do not be far away, see the hodgepodge of business sale that you called the company or factory. As I said before, different from your business with factories in the region lies only in large or small scale. But the operating system application together, they create a product you also make a product, it's a hodgepodge. They process raw materials you will also process the raw materials to make gado-gado, then you and they can sell products to customers.

okay, I think you already understand about the company in general. The bottom line is the company is an organization that processing resources such as raw materials and labor to produce goods or services needed by the community.
Company Goals

The primary objective of the company is to maximize profit or gain or in other words nyari profit maximization from the sale of goods or services. Well, gain or profit obtained from the difference between the amount that we receive from customers for sales of goods or services produced by the amount spent to purchase and acquire the resources (materials and labor) to produce goods or services.

There was also a company whose sole purpose is not to generate profit (non-profit), the purpose of the non-profit corporation is to generate benefits for society in general, in which case such as research and medicine. For this time I did not discuss about the non-profit corporation, but only the introduction course for you.
Type of company

In the region there are three forms of accounting firms operating for profit or gain:
Manufacturing Company

Companies manufacturing or also called manufacturing company or plant, whose main activities are changing the raw materials to produce products or finished goods ready for sale to customers. An example is a manufacturing company that produces the PT Epson printer products, PT Multistrada that produce tires or wheels of the vehicle, PT Samsung Electronics with electronics and other products you can find on www.Google.com by keyword accounting manufacturing company.
Trading Company

Similarly, manufacturing companies, trading company also sells merchandise on its activities but only limited to selling only. They do not produce a product, only buy products to companies manufacturing and marketing kemudaian. Trading companies over the function of the broker or brokers (terminal language) which brings the product to the customer. Examples of such trading companies Alfamart, Indomart, Hypermart, store materials and other trading companies you can find on google with keywords accounting trading companies.
Companies.

history of the company's accounting

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

History of Accounting

Accounting history started since humans know ¬ count money and use notes. In the XIV century the calculation of profit and loss have been done Genoa merchants by calculating the treasure that is the end of a cruise and compared to the time they depart
Milestone accounting began in 1494 when Lucas Paciolo {Luke from Burgos) published a science book called "Suma de Arilhmalica, Proportioni et Proportionaiita". In the book there is a chapter, entitled "Tractatus de Computis et Scriptorio". which contains some bookkeeping on record pairs (double book keepingf).

Accounting history through the ages

At the end of the XV century, in line with the decline of the Roman influence, per ¬ trade center shifted to Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch. As a result, the accounting system was developed Romans also moved and used in those countries. Since the calculation of income began to be made on an annual basis which then led to the development routinely preparing the balance sheet at the end of a specified period.
In the nineteenth century the industrial revolution in Europe encouraged the development cost and the concept of depreciation accounting. In 1930, New York Slock Exchange and the Ameri ¬ can Institute of Certified Public Accountants to discuss and establish accounting principles for companies whose shares are listed on the stock exchange.

Accounting began to be implemented in Indonesia since 1642. However, there is a clear bukii on bookkeeping Amphioen Societeit standing in Jakarta since 1747. Further developing accounting in Indonesia after the Cultivation Law was abolished in 1870. This resulted in the emergence of Dutch private entrepreneurs who invest in Indonesia, they apply the accounting system as taught by Lucas Paciólo. Then in 1907, in Indonesia introduced examination system (auditing) to establish and control the books.

Not a lot of change in accounting systems in Indonesia during the Japanese occupation * After independence, the government of Indonesia has the opportunity to send their children abroad to study accounting. While accounting education in the country fiada initiated in 1952 by the mem ¬ University of Indonesia majoring in Accounting at the Faculty of open economy. This step is followed by other universities. In 1954 came out Law. 34 that regulates the degree of Accountants.
A professional organization that brings together accountants in Indonesia stood at December 23, 1957 and named Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI). This organization founded Public Accountants section 1978 and section 1986 Accounting Educator.

Foreign Investment Law was issued in 1967 and followed the law Investor ¬ Domestic Capital in 1968. Furthermore, they stimulate the establishment of new companies, exacerbating better investment climate in Indonesia. As a consequence, accounting in Indonesia experienced a rapid developmental ¬ ment.

During this happens dualism accounting practices in Indonesia. On the one hand, many Dutch companies implementing accounting systems. On the other hand * American accounting systems are increasingly being used due to the shift in the direction of accounting education to the American system and bring more companies into the American system of Indonesia.
Dualism is also influential in the world of education, especially at the secondary education level. However, in the Workshop on "Accounting Education in Indonesia" organized by the Centre for Development of Accounting Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia, the education system has reached a deal ¬ Tansi account for secondary education and higher education are using the American system.

That is the history of accounting, may be useful.