Islamic Accounting Field New Study

Islamic Accounting Field New Study

INTRODUCTION
Along with an increased sense of religiosity (religious) Muslim communities run Islamic sharia in social-economic development, more and more institutions that run Islamic business operations and its business based on sharia principles. To manage these Islamic institutions needed pencatata transactions and financial reporting. Accounting and financial reporting with certain characteristics in accordance with sharia. Recording and reporting of financial transactions are applied to the Islamic business institutions is then developed into Islamic accounting. Islamic accounting (accounting shari'a) according to Karim (1990) is a new field in the study of accounting that was developed based on the values, ethics and Islamic law, is therefore also known as accounting Islam (Islamic Accounting).

The development of accounting as one of the branches of the social sciences has undergone a fundamental shift in values ​​and meaning, especially regarding the theoretical framework underlying dituntur keep pace with changes in society. Karim (1990:3) argues that during this construction is used as the basis of accounting theory was born out of the context of culture and ideology.

Such is the case with a conventional construction accounting accounting Islam (shari'a) is born of cultural values ​​and teachings of Islam practiced in the Islamic socio-economic life (Hammed: 1997). Islamic accounting can be seen as a social construction of Islamic society to implement Islamic economics in economic activity. Islamic Finance is a sub-system of the economic system and Islamic finance, is used as an instrument supporting the implementation of Islamic values ​​in the realm of accounting, its main function is as a management tool to provide information to internal and external organizations (Hasyshi: 1986; Baydoun and Willet, 2000 and Harahap, 2001).

Motivation accounting experts and academics, especially from among the Muslims in order to assess and develop Islamic accounting is increasing. After learning some researchers (Gray, 1988; Perera, 1989; Hamid et al., 1993; Baydoun and Willet, 1994) that examined the relationship between culture, religion and accounting, stating that the culture in general and Islam in particular affect the accounting forms . As stated by Gaffikin and Triyuwono (1996) accounting is a reflection of a reality that is ideally constructed and practiced based on the values ​​and ethics. The values ​​and ethics of the Muslims is Islamic, then the best alternative is to use the development of Islamic accounting in accordance with Islamic thought. To understand Islamic accounting sense, can refer to the definition of Islamic accounting proposed by Hameed (2003), namely:

Departure from accounting definitions above, Islamic accounting in the narrow sense can be defined as follows: "Islamic Finance is a process, methods, and techniques of recording, classifying, pengikhtisaran transactions and events that are financial in the form of units of money, to identify, measure, and communicate information an economic entity whose management business based sharia, to be used as a take economic decisions and choose the alternative-action alternative for the users ". The development of accounting as one of the branches of the social sciences has undergone a fundamental shift in values ​​that are required to follow the changes that occur in people's lives. Thurs (1990:3) argues that during this construction is used as the basis of accounting theory was born out of the context of culture and ideology.

Such is the case with a conventional construction accounting accounting Islam (shari'a) is born of cultural values ​​and teachings of Islam practiced in the social-economic life (Hameed, 1997). Therefore Islamic accounting can be seen as a social construction of Islamic society to implement Islamic economic practices in social-economic development.